Theyll give your presentations a professional, memorable appearance the kind of sophisticated look that todays audiences expect. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates than anyone else in the world, with over 4 million to choose from. They are known as alkenes and alkynes respectively. Branched alkanes are alkanes where carbon chain is split off making one or more branch. Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional. Parent chain is named with the help of greek alphabets such as hepta, octa etc. Start studying alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, etc learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. How can you distinguish between alkanes, alkenes and. Pdf chemical graph theory is one of the branches in mathematical. Each unsaturation in a compound reduces the number of hydrogen atoms in the molecular formula by 2.
It involves heat, great pressure and the presence of a catalyst. Alkenes are hydrocarbons with cc bonds and alkynes are hydrocarbons. If a double bond is present, you have an alkene, not an alkane. Here n is the number of ch 2 units in the linear alkane. Choose from 500 different sets of alkanes alkenes alkynes flashcards on quizlet. The alkanes have only single bonds between all the atoms in the stucture. The smallest alkyne is acetylene, also called ethyne.
Larger alkanes have two or more carbon atoms connected or bonded together in a chain. Identify each as an alkane, an alkene, or an alkyne. Main idea alkanes are hydrocarbons that contain only single. Alkane structure, properties and examples chemistry dictionary.
Alkynes possess 2 pi bonds allowing for a full or partial reduction. Alkane alkene alkyne worksheet imperialdesignstudio. For example, they are more reactive than alkenes in many. R c h ch2 h2 ni r h2 c ch3 alkene alkane h3c c h ch2 h2 ni h3c h2 c ch3 propene propane r c ch h2 ni r h2 c ch3 alkene alkane h3c c ch h2 ni h3c h2 c. Apr 05, 2014 alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and cycloalkanes are hydrocarbons compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen. Table 1 indicates the physical and the chemical properties of those alcohols and alkanes, which are referred from the.
In the present study, ch 4, c 2 h 6, c 3 h 8 and 1c 4 h 10 are selected as alkane fuels of ggatr engine performance analyses. Apr 19, 2020 detailed chapter notes alkanes, class 11, chemistry edurev notes is made by best teachers of class 11. On the other hand, methanol ch 3 oh, ethanol c 2 h 5 oh, 1propanol 1c 3 h 7 oh, and 1butanol 1c 4 h 9 oh are selected for alcohol fuels. Learn alkanes alkenes alkynes with free interactive flashcards. Which of the following is are true of the process of polymerisation. Alkane is solid, liquid or gas at room temperature depends on the size of its molecules. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carboncarbon bonds are single. Although the majority of the compound resembles an alkane, it is classified as an alkene. Hydrogenation of alkene and alkyne alkanes can be prepared by the catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the presence of catalyst ni or pt at 200. Below, we see that each edge of the structure represents a carbon atom. Alkanes are chemical compounds, made of carbon and hydrogen. Notice that the alkene only has one double bond and the alkyne only has one triple bond. Drop the ane suffix of the alkane name and add the ene suffix. Alkane molecules have only single bonds between carbon atoms alkene molecules have a double bond alkyne molecules have a triple bond the following examples show the 4 carbon alkane, alkene, and alkyne.
Writing the formulas for simple alkanes, alkenes and alkynes is as simple as determining how many carbons are in the formula and then putting that number into the generic. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen and single bonds. Alkynes can be prepared by elimination reactions under conditions similar to those used to form alkenes. For ggatr engine application, the ratio of hydrogen atoms number to carbon atoms number in fuel molecule hc ratio is preferable to be larger, because molecular weight of gas generator gg combustion gas can be reduced, resulting of. Catalytic hydrogenation with palladium on carbon is a very common method for reducing alkenes. In the case of alkenes and alkynes, hydrocarbon chain with double and triple bond is chosen as parent chain. In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin a historical name that also has other meanings, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. For alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons, spring models can be constructed. The physical properties of alkenes are similar to those of the alkanes. In organic chemistry, an alkene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a carboncarbon double bond unsaturated hydrocarbons containing two or more double bonds are known as alkadienes, alkatrienes, alkatetraenes, and so on. The parent name will be the longest carbon chain that contains both carbons of the double bond. Learn how to recognize the alkane functional group in organic compounds. As a result of the double or triple bond nature, alkenes and alkynes have.
An alkane has carbon atoms connected by single bonds. Alkenes have one or more double bonds between carbon. The valency of a single carbon atom is satisfied by four hydrogen atoms which form. Alkyne simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. A useful idea in this context is the degree of unsaturation, which i will outline with the answer. Alkanes are the most stable hydrocarbons as the carbon bonds are difficult to. These are saturated hydrocarbons containing only carbon. Acyclic alkenes, with only one double bond and no other functional groups, known as monoenes, form a homologous series of hydrocarbons with the general formula c n h 2n. Ethyne has a triple bond between the two carbon atoms, leaving 8 6 2 bonds to attach to hydrogen atoms. Name the test used to determine where an alkene is present. The simple difference between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. This document is highly rated by class 11 students and has been viewed 19955 times. The words alkene and olefin are often used interchangeably see nomenclature section below. Information can be obtained from the molecular formula oh o steric acid saturated fatty acid oh o linoleic acid unsaturated fatty acid correction for other.
A quick way to recognize an alkane is the general formula. Preparations of alkanes,alkenes,alkynes free download as powerpoint presentation. The three simplest families of hydrocarbons are known as the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Cxh2x2 if you can name an alkane and alkene naming an alkyne is no much different. In my textbook, it says that alkanes are generally the least reactive of the three, alkenes are slightly more reactive, and alkynes are even more reactive. The following examples show the 4 carbon alkane, alkene, and alkyne. The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula c n h 2n. Oxidative addition of trifluoroacetamide to alkenes, 2,5dimethylhexa2,4diene and conjugated cyclic dienes nitroselenation of conjugated dienes. Alkenes have the formula c n h 2n and alkynes use the formula c n h 2n2. Aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons in which carbon atoms are attached with each other by means of single covalent bond are called as alkanes. Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes iupac. Hydrocarbons having at least one triple bond between two carbon atoms are known as alkyne.
Detailed chapter notes alkanes, class 11, chemistry. Alkynes undergoes hydrogenation in the nickel or palladium or platinum to form alkenes r c c h alkyne h2 ni 250300 c r c h ch2 h3c c c h methyl acetylene h2 ni 250300 c h3c c h ch2 ethene 38mr. In an alkane, all covalent bonds between carbon were. In an alkane, all 4 4 4 valencies of the carbon atom are satisfied with other hydrogen atoms. To convert an alkyne to an alkene you just have to break one bond. What are the general formulas for alkane, alkene, alkyne, alkyl, aldehyde, ketone, cycloalkane. Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen saturated hydrocarbons. Compound with only single bonds unsaturated hydrocarbons. Winner of the standing ovation award for best powerpoint templates from presentations magazine.
Alkenes have at least one double bond and alkynes have at least one triple bond. Briefly identify the important distinctions between an alkene and an alkane. Alkanes formula, definition, structure, properties, videos. What is molecular formula of alkane, alkene and alkyne. The simplest alkane is methane, which is made of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. What about compounds that contain a number of single bonds and one double bond. This video walks you through the conditions required for all 3 reduction products including complete hydrogenation as well as the partial reduction to a cis or trans alkene.
Can you think of the general formula for alkane family or homologous series. Alkane,alkene,alkynes free download as powerpoint presentation. Main idea alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one. In this study, general formulas are established and then proved for a. Alkanes, alkenes and akynes belong to a category of organic compounds that are formed only by carbon and hydrogen atoms. We recall that such compounds result from the addition of a halogen to the. Ppt alkanes and alkenes powerpoint presentation free. Nov 21, 2016 alkanes, alkenes and akynes belong to a category of organic compounds that are formed only by carbon and hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are defined as the hydrocarbons which have double or triple covalent cc bonds. Pyrolysis cracking the decomposition of a compound by heat is called pyrolysis. Preparations of alkanes,alkenes,alkynes alkene chlorine. Alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics. Pdf computing the harmonic index for alkanes, alkenes and.
Saturated hydrocarbons are defined as the hydrocarbons in which a single bond is present between carbon and carbon atoms. An alkyne is a molecule that has a triple bond between two carbon atoms. Alcohol and alkane fuel performance for gas generator. Alcohol and alkane fuel performance for gas generator cycle. Ppt alkanes and alkenes powerpoint presentation free to. What are the general formulas for alkane, alkene, alkyne. Introduction to alkenes and alkynes in an alkane, all. Organic chemistry university of california riverside.
Because alkanes are saturated compounds they are relatively unreactive. The longest hydrocarbon chain is selected and is termed as parent chain in case of alkanes. These hydrocarbons are inert under normal conditions as they do not react with acids, bases and other reagents. Methane gas is the first member of the homologous series of alkanes. Alkanes that have carbons that are bonded to more than 2. Alkyne reduction to alkene alkane hydrogenation reaction video. The characteristic functional group of an alkene is the carboncarbon double bond. It is the process of breaking down a large molecule. Unsaturated hydrocarbons have double or triple bonds and are quite reactive. Pdf organic chemistry made easy for senior secondary schools.
Classify each compound as saturated or unsaturated. Alkanes are the most stable hydrocarbons as the carbon bonds are difficult to break. The alkanes range in complexity from the simplest case of methane. The carbon atoms of alkanes are joined together by single bonds, which is what makes them different from alkenes. For making models of alkanes, you can use toothpicks for bonds and plasticine balls for atoms. In organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carboncarbon triple bond. Compounds with at least one double or triple bond 2.
Alkane simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Hydrocarbons having only single bonds are known as alkane. Alkanes alkanes are the simplest class of organic compounds. Structure and physical properties physical properties. However, the lumo energy of alkyne is almost same as that of alkene as shown by uv spectroscopy. The most common alkyne is ethyne, better known as acetylene. Again, for reasons that we will explore next semester, alkynes have four fewer hydrogen atoms than do alkanes and two fewer hydrogen atoms than do alkenes. Azidosulfonylation of alkenes, dienes, and enynes pdf. Alkane molecules have only single bonds between carbon atoms. Alkanes have a single carboncarbon bond and form an homologous series whose first members are methane, ethane, propane and butane.
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